Medical practitioner. Arrived in Sydney in July 1841 with parents as bounty immigrants. Educated at Redfern Grammar. Went to goldfields in 1851. Attended University of Sydney (BA 1857); studied medicine at University of Edinburgh (MB 1860; MD 1861); Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1860, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh) 1861; continued studies in Glasgow, London and Paris. Returned to Sydney in 1862; Lived in Redfern establishing a successful practice. Honorary physician in Sydney. Infirmary and dispensary (later Sydney Hospital) from 1866 until 1908. Director from 1876 until 1877, Vice President from 1878 until 1879, President from 1880 until1908; Medical Officer of Australian Union Benefit Society from 1866 until 1877; visiting medical officer of the Benevolent Society of New South Wales from 1862 until 1877. Director and Chairman of Australian Widows Fund, Mutual Life Assurance Society, Industrial Building Society. Reputedly amassed a large fortune but lost much of it on mining investments. Appointed to New South Wales Medical Board in 1873 and later became President. Fellow of Senate of University of Sydney from 1877 until 1908, Vice Chancellor from 1889 until 1891, 1900 until 1902, 1906 until 1908. Helped establish medical faculty, examiner in medicine from 1874 until 1901, Asssistant Dean. Commissioner of International Exhibitions in Melbourne in 1880, Amsterdam in 1883, Adelaide in 1887, Chicago in 1893. Generous donor to University of Sydney and Congregationalist Church.