Manufacturer of leather goods and worked 16 years in leather trades in Britain. After migrating to Australia, he established a tannery in Sydney in 1844, moving it to Surry Hills in the mid 1850's. He later established tannery and fellmongering works in Brisbane. Extended his activities into other leather trades, winning medals at London, Paris, and Australia (New South Wales and Victorian) exhibitions in 1851-69. In 1861, his Sydney establishment employed around 160 and had a turnover of £60,000. Introduced power machinery in the 1860's and by 1870 his tannery , boot and harness works employed over 250 and produced 120,00 pairs of boots and shoes a year. Became a leading protectionist who was associated with the Protection League of Australia in 1857 and with the NSW Protectionist Society. Was a strong opponent of trade union demands and factory legislation. His estate was sworn for probate at over £36,000.