Chartered accountant and company director. Educated at Fort Street High School, Sydney; assisted brother on citrus farm near Yenda. Qualified as an accountant in 1924, Fellow of Institute of Chartered Accountants (Australia); Fellow of Chartered Institute of Secretaries; member of bridges and steel, public accountants, later of A.D Bridges & Co; official managers and receivers; a leading financial adviser, director of numerous companies involved in retailing, manufacturing, oil drilling, finance, insurance and textiles; vice president of the Royal Blind Society (1958), honorary secretary of Blinded Ex-serviceman's Club; councillor of the Industrial Blind Institute; committee member of Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service; vice president of Young Mens Christian Association; councillor of Australasian Institute of Secretaries from 1927 until 1946; fellow of Senate of University of Sydney from 1967 until 1968; vice president of National Rifle Association; associated with Girl Guides and Boy Scouts; director of National Opera; treasurer of Presbyterian church of New South Wales. National Councillor from 1927 until 1932; United Australia Party councillor; Democratic; member of committee which established Liberal Party, councillor, New South Wales vice president and Federal Councillor from 1946 until 1965. Coalition Leader for the Legislative Council from 1962 until 1968.