Qualifications, occupations and interests
Commercial agent and civil engineer. Left school at age 14 and worked as a whitesmith, then as an engineer. Manager of ironworks at Newcastle-on-Tyne. Arrived in Queensland in 1883. Began a business in Brisbane and was a prolific writer for the Labor press. Claimed that he gave up the business in Brisbane in 1892 and moved to Sydney in 1893, but committee of Elections and Qualifications declared that the 'move' did not constitute residence. Insolvent in May 1893. In 1894 described himself as both a 'civil engineer' and 'commercial agent'.